RECENT ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH GENDER

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 RECENT ISSUES ASSOCIATED WITH GENDER

1. Gender-Based Violence

  • India: Despite stricter laws post-Nirbhaya (2012), incidents like the Hyderabad vet rape-murder (2019) underline the persisting threat of sexual violence.
  • Kerala: Cases such as the 2021 Walayar sisters’ deaths and debates over inadequate investigation expose systemic failures in addressing gender-based violence.

2. Representation in Leadership

  • India: Women continue to be underrepresented in politics and corporate leadership, with only 15% of seats in Parliament occupied by women as of 2024.
  • Kerala: Though women’s literacy is high, their participation in decision-making roles remains low, evident in the limited female representation in state politics.

3. Gender Pay Gap and Employment

  • India: The gender pay gap persists, with women earning 19% less than men, even in urban sectors.
  • Kerala: Women’s labor force participation is declining despite high literacy rates, with many women opting out of employment due to societal expectations or lack of opportunities.

4. Cyber Harassment

  • India: High-profile cases of trolling and online abuse, like the harassment faced by journalist Rana Ayyub, highlight the dangers women face in digital spaces.
  • Kerala: The state has seen incidents of cyberbullying targeting female activists and public figures, with insufficient legal recourse.

5. LGBTQ+ Rights and Gender Diversity

  • India: The 2018 Supreme Court judgment decriminalizing Section 377 was a milestone, but societal acceptance remains a challenge.
  • Kerala: The state is progressive, implementing initiatives for the transgender community, like the Transgender Policy (2015), but issues like employment discrimination persist.

6. Menstrual Health and Taboos

  • India: Awareness campaigns like the Padman movement have improved discussions, but stigmas remain, especially in rural areas.
  • Kerala: Efforts like the ‘She Pad’ initiative aim to improve menstrual hygiene in schools, but resistance from conservative groups shows the persistence of cultural taboos.

7. Child Marriage

  • India: States like Rajasthan and Bihar have high rates of child marriage, undermining gender equality despite legal prohibitions.
  • Kerala: Though child marriage rates are lower, isolated incidents continue, indicating the need for vigilance.

8. Gender Sensitization in Education

  • India: Curricula are being updated to include gender-sensitive topics, but gaps remain in implementation.
  • Kerala: Progressive moves like gender-neutral school uniforms in some schools sparked both support and backlash, reflecting societal divisions.

9. Domestic Violence

  • India: The National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5) reported widespread domestic violence, exacerbated during the COVID-19 lockdown.
  • Kerala: Despite high literacy rates, domestic violence cases in Kerala remain significant, with many incidents going unreported.

10. Women in Sports

  • India: Gender bias persists, as seen in lower sponsorship and recognition for female athletes compared to males.
  • Kerala: Athletes like P.T. Usha inspire many, but infrastructural and financial challenges continue to hinder women’s sports development.

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